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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
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Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Entropy Meets Physiology: Should We Translate Aging as Disorder?

Marco Tatullo1,2,3

  • 1Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DIBRAIN), University of Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|November 12, 2023
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Biological aging alters multipotent stem cells (MSCs), reducing their function and contributing to age-related diseases. This review explores MSC changes, inflammation

Keywords:
age-related diseasesagingcellular senescencemesenchymal stromal/stem cellsregenerative medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Aging is a complex process involving physiological decline and increased disease susceptibility.
  • Multipotent stem/progenitor cells, including mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), normally maintain tissue homeostasis and repair DNA damage.
  • Aging negatively impacts MSCs' self-renewal, differentiation, and immunomodulatory functions, altering the tissue microenvironment and contributing to senescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key alterations in MSCs during the aging process.
  • To elucidate the role of inflammation in age-related syndromes.
  • To explore a potential thermodynamic analogy between aging and entropy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific research on aging and MSCs.
  • Analysis of cellular senescence as a response to damage.
  • Discussion of the relationship between inflammation and aging.

Main Results:

  • Aging significantly impairs MSC functions, affecting tissue repair and homeostasis.
  • Inflammation is identified as a critical factor in age-related conditions.
  • A conceptual link between biological aging and the thermodynamic concept of entropy is proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Aging leads to a decline in MSC function and an increase in inflammation, exacerbating age-related diseases.
  • The concept of aging as a process of increasing disorder, analogous to entropy, warrants further investigation.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for developing interventions against age-related decline.