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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Comprehensive clinical benefit of CCM in HFrEF patients: a win-ratio analysis of FIX-HF-5C randomized trial.

ESC heart failure·2026
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Right Ventricular Function and Echocardiographic Characteristics After Left Atrial to Coronary Sinus Shunting; Insights from ALT-FLOW Early Feasibility Study 3 Year Follow-Up.

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Arrhythmia Burden and Clinical Responses Under Continuous Monitoring in Heart Failure: Observations From the ALLEVIATE-HF Trial.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Evaluation of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy in 2D Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
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Evaluation of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy in 2D Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

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Cardiac Contractility Modulation: Implications in Heart Failure, a Current Review.

Alexander L Wallner1, Salvatore Savona1, Rami Kahwash1

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.

Heart Failure Clinics
|November 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a new therapy for heart failure using nonexcitatory electrical stimulation. This treatment improves heart function, symptoms, and quality of life for eligible patients.

Keywords:
Cardiac contractility modulationCardiomyopathyHeart failureImplantable deviceOptimizer

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Analysis of Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction and Ca2+ Transients in Rodent Myocytes
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) affects millions globally, with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Current treatments, including optimal medical therapy (OMT) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), do not fully address all symptomatic patients.
  • A need exists for novel therapeutic strategies to improve cardiac function in specific HF populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) as a novel therapeutic approach for heart failure.
  • To outline the mechanism of action and patient selection criteria for CCM therapy.
  • To highlight the potential benefits of CCM in improving heart failure outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • CCM utilizes nonexcitatory electrical stimulation delivered during the absolute refractory period of the cardiac cycle.
  • This stimulation targets myocardial cells to enhance contractility without inducing excitation.
  • The therapy is indicated for patients with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF 25-45%) who remain symptomatic despite OMT and are not candidates for CRT.

Main Results:

  • CCM has demonstrated the ability to increase cardiac contractility.
  • Clinical studies show improvements in heart failure symptoms, functional status, and quality of life in patients receiving CCM.
  • CCM provides an expanded treatment option for a specific subset of heart failure patients.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac Contractility Modulation represents a significant advancement in heart failure management.
  • CCM offers a new therapeutic avenue for patients with persistent symptoms despite standard treatments.
  • This therapy expands treatment options, potentially improving long-term outcomes for eligible heart failure patients.