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Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Potato Virus X-Based microRNA Silencing VbMS In Potato.
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Potato Virus X-Based microRNA Silencing VbMS In Potato.

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Plant-virus arms race beyond RNA interference.

Linhao Ge1, Xueping Zhou2, Fangfang Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.

Trends in Plant Science
|November 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Plants possess RNA interference for antiviral defense, with new research revealing additional RNA-targeting mechanisms. These include RNA decay, quality control, and m6A modifications, crucial in the plant-virus molecular arms race.

Keywords:
N6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) RNA modificationRNA decayRNA interferenceRNA quality controlantiviral mechanisms

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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Plants utilize RNA interference (RNAi) as a primary defense against viral infections.
  • Emerging evidence indicates the existence of additional, RNA-targeting antiviral strategies in plants.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending plant-virus interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted RNA-targeting defense mechanisms in plants beyond RNA interference.
  • To investigate the roles of RNA decay, RNA quality control, and m6A modifications in plant antiviral immunity.
  • To provide new insights into the ongoing molecular arms race between plants and viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent advancements in plant antiviral immunity research.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on RNA decay pathways and their antiviral functions.
  • Examination of RNA quality control mechanisms and their involvement in plant defense.
  • Investigation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications in the context of plant-virus interactions.

Main Results:

  • RNA interference is a basal antiviral defense, but not the sole mechanism.
  • RNA decay pathways and RNA quality control systems represent significant antiviral strategies.
  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications play a role in modulating plant antiviral responses.
  • These mechanisms collectively contribute to a complex plant immune system against viral invaders.

Conclusions:

  • Plant antiviral immunity is more complex than previously thought, involving multiple RNA-targeting strategies.
  • RNA decay, quality control, and m6A modifications are integral components of plant defense against viruses.
  • Further research into these mechanisms will enhance our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions and inform agricultural applications.