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Body weight and longevity. A reassessment.

J E Manson, M J Stampfer, C H Hennekens

    JAMA
    |January 16, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Conflicting studies link body weight and longevity. This review of 25 studies found biases that underestimate obesity

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Biostatistics

    Background:

    • The relationship between body weight and longevity is debated, with studies reporting linear, J-shaped, or U-shaped curves.
    • Existing research on optimal weight recommendations is inconsistent.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To critically evaluate 25 major prospective studies on body weight and all-cause mortality.
    • To identify biases in existing literature that may affect conclusions about optimal weight.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of 25 prospective studies.
    • Analysis of methodological biases in each study, including control for smoking, obesity-related conditions, and subclinical disease.

    Main Results:

    • Identified three major biases in the reviewed studies: inadequate control for cigarette smoking, improper adjustment for obesity's biological effects (hypertension, hyperglycemia), and failure to account for weight loss from subclinical disease.
    • These biases systematically underestimate the mortality risk associated with obesity.

    Conclusions:

    • Existing data are insufficient to definitively establish optimal weight recommendations due to identified biases.
    • Preliminary evidence suggests that minimum mortality risk is associated with relative weights at least 10% below the US average.

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