Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Based Biosensors for Rapid Zoonoses Screening

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Biosensor Technology
• Public Health

Background:

• Emerging zoonotic diseases necessitate rapid, portable pathogen screening assays.
• Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) offers sensitivity, specificity, and rapid, low-temperature operation ideal for on-site use.
• RPA is a powerful tool for preventing and controlling zoonoses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the design principles of RPA-based biosensors.
• To summarize diverse signal output and readout technologies for RPA biosensors.
• To highlight the application status and future prospects of RPA biosensors in zoonoses screening.

Main Methods:

• Review of RPA biosensor design principles.
• Analysis of signal output technologies including fluorescence, lateral flow, enzymatic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, chemiluminescence, nanopore sequencing, microfluidic digital RPA, and CRISPR-associated systems.
• Evaluation of RPA biosensor performance for on-site pathogen detection.

Main Results:

• RPA-based biosensors provide rapid response and easy-to-read results for on-site detection.
• Technologies reviewed enable greater portability, automation, and miniaturization of screening assays.
• Despite challenges like cost and signal stability, RPA biosensors are vital for complex sample screening.

Conclusions:

• RPA-based biosensors are increasingly important for on-site pathogen screening in environmental, food, animal, and human samples.
• These biosensors are key tools for controlling the spread of zoonotic diseases.
• Future development trends include enhanced portability, automation, and miniaturization.