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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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Osteocalcin and Metabolic Syndrome.

Aaditya Viswanath1, Sudha Vidyasagar1, Cynthia Amrutha Sukumar1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Endocrinology and Diabetes
|November 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Higher serum osteocalcin (OC) levels are linked to better metabolic health, showing a decrease in fasting blood glucose and an increase in HDL. This suggests OC may play a protective role in metabolic syndrome.

Keywords:
Osteocalcinbody mass indexinsulin resistancemetabolic syndromesyndrome Xwaist circumference

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
  • Insulin resistance is a key feature of metabolic syndrome.
  • Osteocalcin (OC), a bone-derived hormone, has shown potential in improving insulin sensitivity and stimulating insulin production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and the components of metabolic syndrome.
  • To explore the potential therapeutic role of osteocalcin in managing metabolic syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted on 115 adult patients meeting NCEP-ATP III guidelines for metabolic syndrome.
  • Patients with specific endocrine, bone, liver, or kidney disorders were excluded.
  • Serum osteocalcin levels were measured and correlated with metabolic syndrome parameters.

Main Results:

  • Increased serum osteocalcin showed a significant inverse correlation with fasting blood glucose (r = -0.748, P < 0.05).
  • Serum osteocalcin demonstrated a significant positive correlation with serum HDL levels (r = 0.617, P < 0.01).
  • Individuals with fewer metabolic syndrome components had significantly higher serum osteocalcin levels (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Serum osteocalcin levels are significantly associated with improved glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome.
  • Higher osteocalcin levels correlate with fewer metabolic syndrome components, suggesting a potential protective metabolic impact.
  • Osteocalcin may represent a novel therapeutic target for mitigating atherosclerotic risk in metabolic syndrome.