Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

375
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
375
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

353
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
353
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

342
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
342

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adjuvant chemotherapy in adult medulloblastoma: is it an option for average-risk patients?

Journal of neuro-oncology·2016
Same author

[Unusual cause of neck pain in systemic sclerosis].

La Revue de medecine interne·2013
Same author

Drinking and smoking in pregnancy: what questions do Swiss physicians ask?

Swiss medical weekly·2007
Same author

A multidrug combination designed for reversing resistance to BCNU in glioblastoma multiforme.

Neurology·2002
Same author

The role of decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of uncontrollable post-traumatic intracranial hypertension.

Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement·2001
Same author

Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2000

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

14.8K

Language proficiency predictors of code-switching behavior in dual-language-learning children.

L T Schächinger Tenés1, J C Weiner-Bühler1, L Volpin2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)
|November 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Bilingual preschoolers use code-switching (switching languages) frequently, especially when they have strong language skills. Their language abilities, not age, influence how often they switch languages in conversations.

Keywords:
childrencode-switchingdual-language learningheritage languagelanguage proficiencypreschoolersquestionnairesocietal language

More Related Videos

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.6K
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

464

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

14.8K
Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.6K
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

464

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Child Language Acquisition
  • Bilingualism Research

Background:

  • Code-switching is common in bilingual communication.
  • Understanding factors influencing code-switching in young children is crucial.
  • Previous research has explored various motivations for code-switching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of linguistic abilities and age on code-switching frequency and purposes in preschoolers.
  • To analyze compensatory, preferential, and pragmatic reasons for code-switching.
  • To examine the relationship between societal and heritage language skills and code-switching patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of parental code-switching ratings from 101 dual-language learners (German/French-Turkish/Italian).
  • Participants aged 32-78 months.
  • Application of generalized linear mixed models to assess linguistic skills and age effects.

Main Results:

  • Positive correlation found between societal- and heritage-language skills and code-switching frequency.
  • No significant effect of age on code-switching frequency or purposes was observed.
  • High proficiency in both languages correlated with a tendency to switch towards the societal language; low proficiency showed the opposite tendency.

Conclusions:

  • Preschoolers' code-switching primarily reflects high linguistic competence.
  • Societal and heritage language skills significantly impact code-switching frequency.
  • Language proficiency levels dictate the directionality of code-switching relative to the societal language.