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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Magnetic semiconducting borophenes and their derivatives.

Bo Chen1, Lin Xue1, Yan Han1

  • 1College of Physics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China. chenbo@tyut.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
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Two novel semiconducting borophenes exhibit layer-dependent ferromagnetism. These materials, featuring unique boron structures, show potential for magnetic applications and fabrication via electron beam ionization.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Borophene, a 2D allotrope of boron, has garnered interest for its unique electronic and structural properties.
  • The exploration of magnetism in 2D materials is crucial for developing next-generation electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict and characterize novel semiconducting borophenes with intrinsic magnetism.
  • To investigate the influence of structural motifs and stacking order on magnetic properties.
  • To propose a fabrication method for these magnetic borophene structures.

Main Methods:

  • Spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of borophene structures.
  • The study analyzed various boron motifs (B3, B15) and stacking configurations.
  • Theoretical predictions were made regarding Curie temperatures and magnetic moments.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct monolayer borophene structures were predicted to be ferromagnetic, with magnetic moments of 1.00 μB and 3.00 μB per primitive cell.
  • Specific boron atom arrangements (B atoms between triangular motifs) were identified as crucial for inducing ferromagnetism.
  • Bilayer borophenes with high-symmetry stacking were found to be nonmagnetic, indicating layer-dependent magnetism.
  • The study suggests the potential for magnetic boron nanotubes and fullerenes derived from these borophenes.

Conclusions:

  • Semiconducting borophenes with tunable layer-dependent magnetism are theoretically achievable.
  • The findings highlight the importance of atomic structure in dictating magnetic behavior in 2D boron materials.
  • Selective electron beam ionization of boron atoms is proposed as a viable fabrication technique for creating these magnetic structures.