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Intracranial Atherosclerosis Disease Associated With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Systematic Review and

Behnam Sabayan1,2, Roham Goudarzi3, Yuekai Ji2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis MN.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|November 13, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD) is linked to cognitive impairment and dementia. This systematic review confirms the association across diverse populations, highlighting the need for tailored dementia prevention in ICAD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cerebrovascular Diseases
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD) impacts brain blood flow and structure.
  • Existing research on the link between ICAD and cognitive decline presents conflicting findings.
  • A comprehensive review is needed to clarify the association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize evidence on the relationship between ICAD and cognitive impairment.
  • To evaluate the consistency of findings across different study designs and populations.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Web of Science) from 2000 to 2023.
  • Included studies were cross-sectional, prospective cohort, and postmortem studies investigating ICAD (≥50% stenosis) and cognitive outcomes.
  • Data from 22 unique studies involving 11,184 individuals were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A significant association between ICAD and cognitive impairment was found in 70% of cross-sectional and 71% of prospective studies.
  • Pooled analysis revealed ICAD is associated with greater cognitive impairment (OR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.49-2.35]).
  • Postmortem studies indicated a higher ICAD burden in patients with Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Intracranial atherosclerosis disease is significantly associated with cognitive impairment and dementia.
  • This association is consistent across various age, sex, and racial groups.
  • Findings emphasize the importance of personalized dementia prevention strategies for individuals with ICAD.
Abstract

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentdementiaintracranial atherosclerosis disease

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