Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements01:21

Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements

161
A current produced due to the redox reactions of the analyte at the working and auxiliary electrodes is called a faradaic current. The reaction can be divided into two types. The current generated due to the reduction of the analyte is called cathodic current, and it carries a positive charge. In contrast, the current produced by analyte oxidation is known as an anodic current, and it has a negative charge. The applied potential at the working electrode determines the faradaic current flow, and...
161
Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)01:12

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

411
Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...
411
Voltammograms: Overview01:16

Voltammograms: Overview

216
Voltammograms are current plots as a function of applied potential, offering insights into electrochemical systems. The shape of a voltammogram depends on how the current is measured and whether convection (heat transfer by fluid movement) is present or absent.
Shapes of Voltammograms
216
Voltammetry: Overview01:20

Voltammetry: Overview

1.8K
Voltammetry is an electroanalytical technique in which the current flowing through an electrochemical cell is measured as a function of applied potential, typically under conditions of concentration polarization. The technique provides valuable information about redox-active species, and the current response is plotted as a voltammogram.
A voltammetric cell uses three electrodes: a working electrode, a reference electrode, and an auxiliary electrode. The redox reactions occur in the working...
1.8K
Electrodes: Overview01:17

Electrodes: Overview

1.7K
 Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in...
1.7K
Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

573
Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
573

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular dynamics study of the helix-to-disorder transition in short antimicrobial peptides from Urodacus yaschenkoi.

European biophysics journal : EBJ·2025
Same author

Correction: Relation between flexibility and intrinsically disorder regions in thermosensitive TRP channels reveal allosteric effects.

European biophysics journal : EBJ·2023
Same author

Correction to: Relation between flexibility and intrinsically disorder regions in thermosensitive TRP channels reveal allosteric effects.

European biophysics journal : EBJ·2023
Same author

Relation between flexibility and intrinsically disorder regions in thermosensitive TRP channels reveal allosteric effects.

European biophysics journal : EBJ·2023
Same author

Non-canonical helical transitions and conformational switching are associated with characteristic flexibility and disorder indices in TRP and Kv channels.

Channels (Austin, Tex.)·2023
Same author

Model lipid systems and their use to evaluate the phase state of biomembranes, their mechanical properties and the effect of non-conventional antibiotics: the case of daptomycin.

European biophysics journal : EBJ·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
10:40

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Published on: April 8, 2018

8.3K

Exploring Flexibility and Folding Patterns Throughout Time in Voltage Sensors.

Abigail García-Morales1, Daniel Balleza2

  • 1Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Calz. Miguel Angel de Quevedo 2779, Col. Formando Hogar, CP. 91897, Veracruz, Ver, Mexico.

Journal of Molecular Evolution
|November 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The voltage-sensing domain (VSD) is conserved across life but shows distinct folding patterns in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Differences in hydrophobicity and linker flexibility influence protein function and evolution.

Keywords:
Ion channel topologyProtein flexibilityVoltage sensor domain

More Related Videos

Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors
08:43

Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors

Published on: November 7, 2016

8.1K
Author Spotlight: Microfluidic Channel-Based Soft Electrodes and Their Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensing
05:57

Author Spotlight: Microfluidic Channel-Based Soft Electrodes and Their Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensing

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
10:40

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Published on: April 8, 2018

8.3K
Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors
08:43

Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors

Published on: November 7, 2016

8.1K
Author Spotlight: Microfluidic Channel-Based Soft Electrodes and Their Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensing
05:57

Author Spotlight: Microfluidic Channel-Based Soft Electrodes and Their Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensing

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The voltage-sensing domain (VSD) mediates electromechanical coupling in various membrane proteins.
  • VSDs are crucial for functions like ion channel gating and proton permeation.
  • The S4 segment, with its charged residues, is key to VSD function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare VSD folding patterns across prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • To investigate the relationship between sequence, flexibility, and structure in VSDs.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins of the VSD.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence comparison of 14 representative proteins.
  • Analysis of intrinsic flexibility and structural properties.
  • Evaluation of hydrophobicity and extramembranous linker characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Eukaryotic VSD segments S1-S3 are more hydrophobic; S4 remains hydrophilic.
  • Eukaryotic extramembranous linkers are larger and more flexible.
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic VSDs show conserved but distinct folding patterns.
  • Specific eukaryotic VSDs resemble prokaryotic ones in flexibility and folding.
  • Archaeal channels exhibit contrasting S3-S4 flexibility, suggesting divergent activation.

Conclusions:

  • VSDs are highly conserved but exhibit significant evolutionary adaptations.
  • Hydrophobicity and linker flexibility differences impact VSD function and evolution.
  • The study provides insights into VSD origins and connections to other protein families.