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Transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates backward walking training.

Ayuka Sasaki¹, Anri Aisawa¹, Naoyuki Takeuchi²

¹Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.

Experimental Brain Research

|November 13, 2023

Summary

Backward walking training combined with transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS) improved gait performance. Specifically, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation enhanced backward walking speed more than primary motor cortex stimulation.

Keywords:

Backward walking Cognitive-motor interference Dual-task Gait variability Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Rehabilitation Science
Motor Control

Background:

Backward walking training challenges physical and neural systems, potentially improving gait.
Transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS) non-invasively enhances cortical activity and corticomotor plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) enhances backward walking training effects in healthy individuals.
To compare the effects of M1-tDCS versus DLPFC-tDCS on dual-task walking performance after backward walking training.

Main Methods:

Thirty-six healthy participants were randomly assigned to M1-tDCS, DLPFC-tDCS, or sham tDCS groups.
Participants underwent 15 minutes of tDCS concurrently with 5 minutes of backward walking training.
Dual-task forward and backward walking performance was assessed before and after the intervention.

Main Results:

Both M1-tDCS and DLPFC-tDCS groups showed increased backward walking speed.
The DLPFC-tDCS group demonstrated a greater increase in dual-task backward walking speed compared to the M1-tDCS group.
M1-tDCS decreased gait variability during dual-task backward walking, while DLPFC-tDCS increased it.

Conclusions:

Backward walking training with M1 stimulation may enhance backward walking speed by reducing gait variability.
Backward walking training with DLPFC stimulation might prioritize walking speed over gait stability.
Combining backward walking training with tDCS shows potential for broader application in rehabilitation to improve gait performance.