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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Maternal Nativity and Preterm Birth.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preterm birth rates were lower in non-US-born individuals compared to US-born individuals. However, significant variations in preterm birth rates were observed across different racial and ethnic groups, especially among Asian and Hispanic subgroups.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth significantly contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Disparities in preterm birth rates exist across maternal racial and ethnic groups.
  • While non-US-born individuals may experience fewer obstetric complications, the interplay of nativity, race, and ethnicity in preterm birth is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal nativity and preterm birth rates among nulliparous individuals.
  • To examine how this association varies by self-reported race and ethnicity.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide, cross-sectional study using National Center for Health Statistics birth records (2014-2019).
  • Included 8,590,988 nulliparous individuals aged 15-44 with singleton live births.
  • Analyzed preterm birth (<37 weeks) and very preterm birth (<32 weeks) rates, stratified by nativity and race/ethnicity.

Main Results:

  • Overall, non-US-born individuals had lower age-standardized preterm birth rates (10.2%) compared to US-born individuals (10.9%).
  • Significant variations were found: Japanese (aOR, 0.69) and non-Hispanic Black (aOR, 0.74) non-US-born individuals had lower rates.
  • Conversely, non-US-born Pacific Islander (aOR, 1.15) and Puerto Rican individuals born in Puerto Rico (aOR, 1.07) had higher rates.

Conclusions:

  • Non-US-born status is associated with lower overall preterm birth rates.
  • Substantial heterogeneity exists within racial and ethnic groups, highlighting the need for nuanced public health strategies.
  • Disaggregated data for Asian and Hispanic subgroups reveal specific disparities and protective factors.