Metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma in a 50-year-old Eastern Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermannii boettgeri)

A 50-year-old female Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermannii boettgeri) was presented with anorexia and lethargy. Clinical examination revealed multiple, visually inconspicuous but indentable areas in the shell corresponding to osteolysis radiographically. Soft tissue nodules and osteolytic lesions were also noted in the limbs. Laboratory results revealed elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity and uric acid concentrations, hypoglycemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Klebsiella oxytoca was isolated from a biopsied scutal area, and the biopsy suggested neoplasia. After a short period of clinical improvement, the animal's condition deteriorated, and it died. Post mortem computed tomography revealed polyostotic lytic lesions of multiple bones and the shell with associated soft tissue nodules protruding into the coelom, and nodular lung lesions. Necropsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry secured a diagnosis of a poorly differentiated, pan-cytokeratin-positive squamous cell carcinoma with widespread soft tissue and bone metastases, osteolysis and desmoplasia.