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Diagnosis of leptospira by metagenomics next-generation sequencing with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support:

Jianyu Ji1,2,3, Wei Wang1,2,3, Shulin Xiang1,2,3

  • 1Research Center of Communicable and Severe Diseases, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|November 14, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for severe leptospirosis. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) confirmed the diagnosis in a pig farmer with pulmonary hemorrhage and organ failure, enabling timely extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genomics
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira spp., is a severe infectious disease often contracted via indirect contact with contaminated environments.
  • Pulmonary hemorrhage and multiple organ failure are potential severe manifestations of leptospirosis.

Observation:

  • A 40-year-old male pig farmer presented with severe pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis and multiple organ failure.
  • The patient required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and adjusted antibiotic therapy.

Findings:

  • Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) confirmed the diagnosis of leptospirosis.
  • Prompt initiation of ECMO therapy was critical for patient management.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the utility of mNGS in diagnosing severe leptospirosis.
  • Early diagnosis and aggressive supportive care, including ECMO, are vital for improving outcomes in severe leptospirosis cases.
Keywords:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenationLeptospirosisMetagenomics next-generation sequencingMulti-organ failure

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