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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs but also impacts other areas, such as the arms, thereby impairing overall circulation and organ function.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty deposits inside the arterial...

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Thyroid Disorders and Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Katica Bajuk Studen^1,2, Simona Gaberscek^1,2, Katja Zaletel^1,2

¹Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Current Vascular Pharmacology

|November 14, 2023

Summary

Thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, elevates cardiovascular risks. Research explores the link between thyroid disorders and peripheral arterial disease, highlighting potential mechanisms like endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.

Keywords:

Hypothyroidism atherogenesis dyslipidemia endothelium hypertension hyperthyroidism inflammation.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Cardiovascular Medicine
Vascular Biology

Background:

Thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism) are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels show a U-shaped association with cardiovascular risk.
Mechanisms connecting thyroid function and CVD are known, but peripheral arterial disease (PAD) complications require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the specific clinical complications of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with thyroid dysfunction.
To explore the pathophysiological mechanisms linking hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism to PAD.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiological studies and meta-analyses on thyroid function and cardiovascular risk.
Analysis of proposed pathophysiological pathways for hypothyroidism-PAD and hyperthyroidism-PAD.

Main Results:

Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Potential mechanisms for hypothyroidism-PAD include endothelial dysfunction, altered blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and inflammation.
Potential mechanisms for hyperthyroidism-PAD include hyperdynamic circulation, elevated systolic blood pressure, hypercoagulability, and arterial inflammation.

Conclusions:

Thyroid dysfunction poses a significant risk for cardiovascular complications, including peripheral arterial disease.
Understanding the specific mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted clinical interventions for PAD in thyroid patients.
Further clinical trials focusing on PAD endpoints are warranted to adequately investigate these associations.