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Influences of Adenoid Hypertrophy on Children's Maxillofacial Development

Yulin Lan1,2,3, Jieyi Chen1,2, Shoucheng Chen1,2

  • 1Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 14, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Adenoid hypertrophy in children is linked to distinct craniofacial changes, including a convex facial profile and narrower airways. Early intervention is crucial to prevent adverse maxillofacial development effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Radiology

Background:

  • Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common condition in children.
  • It can impact breathing and potentially affect facial growth.
  • Understanding the craniofacial associations of AH is vital for early diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adenoid hypertrophy and maxillofacial soft tissue development in children.
  • To compare craniofacial indicators between children with and without adenoid hypertrophy.
  • To identify specific facial features associated with adenoid hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 388 children (aged 1-13 years) using head MRI scans.
  • Inclusion of 196 children with adenoid hypertrophy and 192 controls.
  • Measurement and comparison of various maxillofacial soft tissue indicators.

Main Results:

  • Adenoid thickness and the adenoid-nasal ratio (A/N ratio) increased with age in the hypertrophy group.
  • Children with AH showed smaller pharyngeal airway space, reduced convexity angles, and a narrower nasolabial angle.
  • Increased adenoid thickness, palate height, palate length, and tongue length were observed in the AH group compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Adenoid hypertrophy is associated with specific craniofacial features, including a convex facial profile, narrowed nasopharyngeal airway, elongated/heightened palate, and altered tongue posture/length.
  • These findings highlight the importance of early detection and intervention for adenoid hypertrophy to mitigate negative impacts on maxillofacial development.

Keywords:
MRIadenoid hypertrophyairwaymaxillofacial developmentpalate

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