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Ethical Standards I

Ethical Standards I

The American Nurses Association (ANA) created and implemented the first nationally accepted Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. The Code of Ethics is a living document regularly updated by the ANA and establishes an ethical standard that is non-negotiable for nurses in all roles and settings.
The Code of Ethics provisions outline the nurse's duty to the patient, the healthcare team, the profession, and society. The Code's fundamental principles include advocacy,...

Ethical Standards II

Ethical Standards II

Ethical standards are the backbone of nursing practice, guiding nurses as they interact with patients, families, and colleagues. These standards are crucial for providing safe, empathetic care centered on the patient's needs.
Nurses are entrusted with upholding various ethical principles and standards. Nurses forge solid therapeutic relationships using trust, empathy, autonomy, confidentiality, and professional competence.
Confidentiality is crucial, embodying respect for individual privacy and...

Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry

Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry

Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...

Sources of Food Contamination

Sources of Food Contamination

Contamination of food by microbial agents and natural toxins poses significant risks to public health. These hazards can be introduced at various points across the food supply chain, ranging from environmental sources to processing and storage stages. Understanding these contamination pathways is critical for developing strategies to ensure food safety.Seafood is particularly vulnerable to contamination through both environmental exposure and microbial colonization. Toxins from harmful algal...

Good Manufacturing Practices

Good Manufacturing Practices

Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) constitute a foundational set of guidelines that ensure the production of safe, consistent, and high-quality products, particularly in industries such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and food processing. These protocols encompass all aspects of production, from the sourcing of raw materials to the final distribution of the finished product.A core pillar of GMP is stringent hygiene and sanitation across all production environments. This includes routine...

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a science-based, preventive system used globally to ensure food safety by identifying, evaluating, and controlling biological, chemical, and physical hazards throughout food production. Originally developed by NASA and the Pillsbury Company for astronaut food, HACCP is now a core component of the Codex Alimentarius.HACCP operates on prerequisite programs—such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), sanitation procedures, and supplier...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

Published on: September 7, 2015

A Framework for Transparency in Precision Livestock Farming.

Kevin C Elliott¹, Ian Werkheiser²

¹Lyman Briggs College, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, and Department of Philosophy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48825, USA.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|November 14, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a framework for responsible transparency in precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies. It addresses ethical concerns regarding data, algorithms, and values for farmers, consumers, and regulators.

Keywords:

community epistemic capacity epistemic justice open science philosophy of science precision livestock farming responsible innovation stakeholder engagement transparency

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Published on: August 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Agricultural Technology
Ethics in Technology
Animal Science

Background:

Precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies are advancing rapidly.
Existing reviews focus on privacy, security, and welfare, neglecting transparency issues.
Ethical considerations for PLF systems require a deeper examination of transparency.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a framework for developing responsible transparency in PLF.
To identify ethically important information for disclosure regarding PLF technologies.
To explore challenges and strategies for achieving transparency among diverse stakeholders.

Main Methods:

Literature review of PLF ethical issues.
Analysis of information types relevant to PLF transparency (goals, operations, values, algorithms).
Examination of stakeholder audiences (farmers, consumers, industry, regulators) and communication challenges.

Main Results:

Identified key areas for transparency: system goals, operational details, embedded values, and algorithm characteristics.
Highlighted difficulties in obtaining and communicating this information to relevant audiences.
Proposed strategies include developer-user collaboration, improved information disclosure techniques, and exploring PLF with reduced transparency needs.

Conclusions:

A structured framework is crucial for developing and evaluating transparency in PLF.
Addressing transparency is essential for the responsible adoption and ethical governance of PLF technologies.
Further research is needed to refine transparency strategies in the evolving field of PLF.