Intestinal accumulation of urea in germ-free animals--a factor in caecal enlargement

To examine the connection between caecal size and urea concentration in the caecal contents urease inhibition was tested in conventional animals and urea and urease were administered to germ-free rats and mice. Administration of alloxan and barbituric acid and immunization with urease led to slightly larger caeca in conventional animals. Neomycin treatment caused a clear enlargement of the caecum. In germ-free animals urease administration led to a reduction in the caecal size, whereas urea in the drinking water caused enlargement. The urea concentration and the urease activity in the caecal contents correlated well with the caecal weights.