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Published on: April 10, 2019
Unraveling the Intricate Roles of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Physiological
Shuai Zhang1, Yu Yang1, Xinchen Lv1
1Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
Insights
Exosomes are key intercellular communicators influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review explores their roles in CVD pathogenesis, as diagnostic biomarkers, and as potential therapeutics.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Cardiovascular Research
- Biomedical Science
Background:
- Exosomes are crucial for intercellular communication, carrying diverse molecular cargo.
- Their roles in both physiological and pathological processes are increasingly recognized.
- Emerging evidence points to exosomes' significant involvement in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted impacts of exosomes on CVD under various stress and disease conditions.
- To elucidate the cellular signaling mechanisms by which exosomes contribute to CVD.
- To highlight the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for CVD.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on exosome biogenesis, secretion, and function in CVD.
- Analysis of studies investigating exosome-mediated cellular interactions in conditions like CAD, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
- Exploration of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their implications.
Main Results:
- Exosomes mediate complex cellular interactions contributing to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in CVD.
- Differential expression of ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs) in exosomes shows promise for CVD biomarker discovery.
- Exosomes represent a potential platform for targeted therapeutic delivery in CVD treatment.
Conclusions:
- Exosomes play a significant, yet incompletely understood, role in the pathogenesis and progression of CVD.
- Further research into exosome characteristics and regulatory mechanisms in CVD is crucial.
- Exosomes offer promising avenues for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
Abstract:
Exosomes, as potent intercellular communication tools, have garnered significant attention due to their unique cargo-carrying capabilities, which enable them to influence diverse physiological and pathological functions. Extensive research has illuminated the biogenesis, secretion, and functions of exosomes. These vesicles are secreted by cells in different states, exerting either protective or harmful biological functions. Emerging evidence highlights their role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mediating comprehensive interactions among diverse cell types. This review delves into the significant impacts of exosomes on CVD under stress and disease conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other cardiomyopathies. Focusing on the cellular signaling and mechanisms, we explore how exosomes mediate multifaceted interactions, particularly contributing to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in CVD pathogenesis. Additionally, exosomes show great promise as biomarkers, reflecting differential expressions of NcRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs), and as therapeutic carriers for targeted CVD treatment. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms governing exosomes in CVD remain incomplete, necessitating further exploration of their characteristics and roles in various CVD-related contexts. This comprehensive review aims to provide novel insights into the biological implications of exosomes in CVD and offer innovative perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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