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Optic Pathway Gliomas in Pediatric Population-Current Approach in Diagnosis and Management: Literature Review
Monika Modrzejewska1, Joanna Olejnik-Wojciechowska2, Agnieszka Roszyk2
1II Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Insights
Optic pathway glioma is the most common pediatric optic nerve tumor. Early ophthalmic diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for effective management and improved prognosis, especially for NF1-related cases.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Oncology
- Neurology
Background:
- Optic pathway glioma is the most common optic nerve tumor in children.
- Early diagnosis and monitoring are critical for managing this condition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric optic pathway glioma.
- To emphasize the role of ophthalmic diagnosis in lesion monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of PubMed, Scholar, and websites.
- Analysis of management standards, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic/therapeutic approaches.
Main Results:
- Gliomas are most frequent in the first decade of life, potentially asymptomatic initially.
- Ophthalmic changes are common; NF1-related gliomas have a better prognosis.
- Diagnosis involves MRI, ophthalmology, OCT, and visual acuity; treatment includes observation, surgery, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.
Conclusions:
- Early detection and monitoring through novel techniques are essential for improved patient outcomes.
Abstract:
In this paper, the authors present a clinical picture of the diagnosis and current treatment regimens of optic pathway glioma in the pediatric population, with an emphasis on the role of an ophthalmic diagnosis in the differentiation and monitoring of lesions. Glioma is the most common optic nerve tumor in children.
Material:
Articles in PubMed, Scholar and Website were reviewed, taking into account current standards of management related to sporadic or NF1-related optic glioma, epidemiology, location, course of the disease, clinical manifestations, histological types of the tumor, genetic predisposition, diagnostic ophthalmic tests currently applicable in therapeutic monitoring of the tumor, neurological diagnosis, therapeutic management and prognosis. The importance of current screening recommendations, in line with standards, was emphasized.
Results:
Glioma occurs in children most often in the first decade of life. Initially, they may be asymptomatic, and clinically ophthalmic changes are associated with the organ of vision or with systemic changes. Gliomas associated with the NF1 mutation have a better prognosis for sporadic gliomas. Diagnosis includes radiological imaging methods/MRI/ophthalmology/OCT and visual acuity log MAR assessment. The basis of treatment is clinical observation. In the case of disease progression, surgical treatment, chemotherapy and targeted therapy are used.
Conclusion:
Further research into novel techniques for detecting gliomas would allow for early monitoring of the disease.
