The RAAS Goodfellas in Cardiovascular System

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Endocrinology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has a classic pro-inflammatory arm (ACE/Ang II/AT1R) and a counterregulatory protective arm.
• The protective arm involves ACE2, Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang 1-7]/Mas receptor (MasR), and Angiotensin-1/9 [Ang 1-9].
• This axis plays a crucial role in preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiovascular remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the beneficial effects of the ACE2/Ang 1-7/MasR and Ang 1-9 axis.
• To highlight its role in mitigating cardiovascular comorbidities.
• To emphasize its therapeutic potential in managing oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and organ damage.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on the RAAS counterregulatory axis.
• Analysis of research investigating ACE2, Ang 1-7/MasR, and Ang 1-9.
• Synthesis of evidence regarding their impact on cardiovascular health.

Main Results:

• The ACE2/Ang 1-7/MasR and Ang 1-9 axis effectively counteracts the detrimental effects of the classic RAAS.
• Activation of this axis demonstrates protective functions against inflammation and oxidative stress.
• Evidence supports its role in preventing hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling.

Conclusions:

• Enhancing the ACE2/Ang 1-7/MasR and Ang 1-9 axis is a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
• Targeting this protective arm offers a novel approach to managing cardiovascular comorbidities.
• Further research into this axis could lead to new treatments for vascular dysfunction and organ damage.