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Birth order effects in second-generation alcoholics.

N L Keltner, C W McIntyre, R Gee

    Journal of Studies on Alcohol
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    First-born children of alcoholics show less psychopathology than later-borns. This study on second-generation alcoholics found birth order impacts mental health outcomes in families with alcoholic parents.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Psychiatry
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Alcoholism often runs in families, affecting multiple generations.
    • Understanding factors influencing psychopathology in children of alcoholics is crucial for targeted interventions.
    • Birth order is a proposed factor influencing individual development and psychological outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of birth order on psychopathology in second-generation alcoholics.
    • To determine if first-born, middle-born, or last-born children of alcoholics exhibit different levels of psychopathology.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to 90 alcoholic sons of alcoholic parents.
    • Analyzed individual MMPI scale scores using Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs).

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  • Focused on intact families with three children to control for family structure.

    • Main Results:

    • First-born individuals showed significantly lower psychopathology scores compared to middle-born and last-born individuals.
    • The majority of extreme psychopathology scores were observed in later-born children (middle and last-born).
    • A consistent pattern emerged indicating birth order influences psychopathology severity in this population.

    Conclusions:

    • Birth order is a significant factor differentiating psychopathology levels among children of alcoholics.
    • Findings suggest first-borns may be more resilient or experience less severe psychopathology within alcoholic family systems.
    • Revises previous generalizations about the psychological impact on all children of alcoholic parents.