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Parasite immunology and lymphocyte population dynamics.

Z Grossman, C L Greenblatt, I R Cohen

    Journal of Theoretical Biology
    |July 21, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Parasites use antigenic mimicry to evade the immune system by promoting prolonged lymphocyte proliferation, a mechanism key to self-tolerance that can be exploited for protection. This strategy diverts immune responses, potentially leading to immunosuppression and concomitant immunity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Parasitology

    Background:

    • Parasites frequently employ strategies to evade host immune responses.
    • Antigenic mimicry, presenting host-type antigens, is a known parasitic evasion tactic.
    • The Darwinian selection principle offers a framework for analyzing immune system dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel mechanism by which parasites utilize antigenic mimicry.
    • To explain how this mimicry actively diverts the immune system for parasitic protection.
    • To link this mechanism to lymphocyte selection, immunosuppression, and concomitant immunity.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of the immune system through the lens of Darwinian selection.
    • Examination of lymphocyte populations based on differential growth capacities.

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  • Hypothesizing conditions where lymphocyte proliferation is uncoupled from differentiation.

    • Main Results:

    • Prolonged proliferation of lymphocyte clones without differentiation (latent proliferation) may confer a selective advantage.
    • This latent proliferation, driven by host-type antigens presented by parasites, mirrors the selection process for self-tolerance.
    • The hypothesis links antigenic mimicry to polyclonal activation, immunosuppression, and concomitant immunity.

    Conclusions:

    • Antigenic mimicry is proposed not just as disguise but as an active immune evasion strategy.
    • Parasitic antigenic mimicry exploits the Darwinian selection of lymphocytes, leading to ineffective immune responses.
    • This mechanism provides a potential pathway to autoimmunity and explains concomitant immunity.