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Segmentation and Linear Measurement for Body Composition Analysis using Slice-O-Matic and Horos
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Untangling the Complex Interplay between Social Isolation, Anorexia, Sarcopenia, and Mortality: Insights from a

H-Y Lin1, Y-C Lin, L-K Chen

  • 1Fei-Yuan Hsiao, Ph.D., Professor and Director, Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Linsen S. Rd, Taipei 10050, Taiwan. Tel.: 886-2-33668787, E-mail: fyshsiao@ntu.edu.tw; Liang-Kung Chen, Professor, Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan. Tel: +886-2-28757830; Fax: +886-2-28757711;

The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging
|November 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Social isolation is linked to anorexia and sarcopenia in older adults. Combined, these conditions significantly increase long-term mortality risk, highlighting the need for interventions.

Keywords:
Social isolationTaiwan Longitudinal Study on Aginganorexiaanorexia of agingmortalitysarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Social isolation is a significant geriatric syndrome with adverse prognostic impacts.
  • It often co-occurs with other geriatric syndromes, worsening health outcomes.
  • Understanding its role in anorexia of aging and sarcopenia is crucial for older adults' health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between social isolation and anorexia or sarcopenia in older adults.
  • To examine the impact of social isolation, anorexia, and sarcopenia on long-term mortality.
  • To determine the synergistic effects of these conditions on all-cause mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA), a nationally representative cohort.
  • Analyzed data from 3,762 participants aged 50+ from 1999 to 2015.
  • Employed logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models to assess associations and mortality risks.

Main Results:

  • Social isolation was significantly associated with anorexia (aOR 1.46) and sarcopenia (aOR 1.35) in older adults.
  • The combination of social isolation with anorexia or sarcopenia significantly increased all-cause mortality risk (aOR 1.65).
  • Social isolation alone showed a borderline association with long-term mortality risk.

Conclusions:

  • Social isolation is strongly linked to anorexia and sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.
  • It significantly exacerbates the mortality risk associated with anorexia of aging and sarcopenia.
  • Addressing social isolation is vital for improving health outcomes and reducing mortality in this population.