A Biodegradable High-Performance Microsupercapacitor for Environmentally Friendly and Biocompatible Energy Storage

Biodegradable and biocompatible microscale energy storage devices are very crucial for environmentally friendly microelectronics and implantable medical applications. Herein, a biodegradable and biocompatible microsupercapacitor (BB-MSC) with satisfying overall performance is realized via the combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique and biodegradable materials. Due to the 3D-interconnected structure of electrodes and elaborated design of electrolyte, the as-prepared BB-MSC exhibits superior overall performance than most of biodegradable devices, including a wide operation voltage of 1.8 V, high areal specific capacitance of 251 mF/cm², good cycle stability, and favorable low-temperature resistance (-20 °C), demonstrative of reliability and practicality of our devices even in frosty environments. Importantly, the smooth degradation has been realized for the BB-MSC after being buried in natural soil for ∼90 days, and its implantation does not affect the healthy status of SD rats. Therefore, this work explores avenues for the design and construction of environmentally friendly and biocompatible microscale energy storage devices.