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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
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A novel equestrian helmet testing method: helmet liner performance in highly realistic simulation.

Fitzgerald Dodds1, Davis Fabre2, Kevin Schrum3

  • 1University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Health Professions, Birmingham, AL, United States.

The Physician and Sportsmedicine
|November 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed Multi Directional Impact Protection System (MIPS) helmets using a novel testing method. While peak forces were similar, MIPS helmets may reduce impact duration, potentially decreasing head and neck rotation.

Keywords:
EquestrianMIPSconcussionfallhelmet

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Protective Equipment Technology
  • Head Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Current helmet testing methods may not fully replicate real-world impact scenarios.
  • Rotational forces are a significant factor in head injuries.
  • The Multi Directional Impact Protection System (MIPS) is designed to mitigate rotational motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of MIPS helmet technology in reducing rotational velocity and acceleration.
  • To introduce and validate a novel testing method for head impact assessment.
  • To compare MIPS helmets against traditional expanded polystyrene (EPS) helmets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) on a motorized sled track simulating a 2.13m fall.
  • Tested expanded polystyrene (EPS) helmets and two MIPS helmet variants (MIPS 1, MIPS 2).
  • Measured head kinematics including peak acceleration, impact duration, and rotational velocity during sand surface impact.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in peak acceleration or rotational velocity between EPS and MIPS helmets (MIPS 1 and MIPS 2 individually).
  • A statistically significant difference was found in the duration of acceleration when MIPS helmet data were pooled compared to EPS helmets (p=0.048).
  • Individual helmet comparisons showed no significant differences in impact duration for rotational velocity.

Conclusions:

  • The novel testing method accounts for angular momentum, offering a more realistic impact simulation.
  • MIPS helmet technology did not significantly reduce peak rotational forces in this study.
  • MIPS helmet liners may reduce the duration of acceleration, potentially decreasing neck rotation and associated injury risk.