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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
Published on: February 18, 2022
[Heart failure: update of the ESC 2023 guidelines]
Johann Bauersachs1, Samira Soltani2
1Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. bauersachs.johann@mh-hannover.de.
Abstract:
The 2023 update of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommends (class IA) the administration of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) also for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF). Thus, SGLT2i are the only medication that should be given to all heart failure patients for improvement of prognosis independent of left ventricular EF. The rapid administration of the fantastic four drugs and their prompt titration after a heart failure decompensation is now included in the guidelines with a class IB recommendation. For patients with reduced EF (HFrEF) or HFmrEF and iron deficiency there is now a class IIa recommendation for intravenous administration of ferric carboxymaltose or ferric derisomaltose.
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