Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Impact: Problem Solving01:26

Impact: Problem Solving

227
In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
227
Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

12.9K
An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
12.9K
Elastic Collisions: Case Study01:15

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

14.1K
Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
14.1K
Aggression01:47

Aggression

27.8K
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
27.8K
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

16.0K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
16.0K
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

417
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
417

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sentience in cephalopod molluscs: an updated assessment.

Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·2026
Same author

Defending and refining the Birch <i>et al.</i> (2021) precautionary framework for animal sentience.

Animal welfare (South Mimms, England)·2025
Same author

Animal welfare risks from commercial practices involving cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans.

Animal welfare (South Mimms, England)·2025
Same author

Correction: To know or not to know? Curiosity and the value of prospective information in animals.

Learning & behavior·2025
Same author

Cognition in multi-species sociality.

Current biology : CB·2025
Same author

A special issue in honor of the contributions of Professor Nicola S. Clayton FRS.

Learning & behavior·2025
Same journal

Correction: Quantifying nonmnemonic strategies in two-alternative forced-choice delayed matching and nonmatching-to-position tasks in mice (Mus musculus) using automated video tracking technologies.

Learning & behavior·2026
Same journal

Unconditional stimulus deflation is stimulus specific.

Learning & behavior·2026
Same journal

What is possible and what is worth: Higher levers afford more work and enhance the value of leisure.

Learning & behavior·2026
Same journal

Behavioral impact of adolescent social isolation stress: A multidimensional assessment in male NMRI mice.

Learning & behavior·2026
Same journal

Behavioral characteristics of rapid visual categorization learning in domestic chicks.

Learning & behavior·2026
Same journal

Operant conditioning through positive reinforcement in the ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata).

Learning & behavior·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Establishing an Octopus Ecosystem for Biomedical and Bioengineering Research
09:10

Establishing an Octopus Ecosystem for Biomedical and Bioengineering Research

Published on: September 22, 2021

2.8K

Octopus toss-up: Is debris throwing driven by intent?

Alexandra K Schnell1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. alex.k.schnell@gmail.com.

Learning & Behavior
|November 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wild octopuses have been observed throwing debris, even at other octopuses. This behavior, seen in select social mammals, raises questions about octopus cognition and behavioral similarities.

More Related Videos

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
05:31

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

Published on: July 28, 2018

16.1K
Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
12:22

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters

Published on: February 16, 2019

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Establishing an Octopus Ecosystem for Biomedical and Bioengineering Research
09:10

Establishing an Octopus Ecosystem for Biomedical and Bioengineering Research

Published on: September 22, 2021

2.8K
Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
05:31

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

Published on: July 28, 2018

16.1K
Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
12:22

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters

Published on: February 16, 2019

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Octopuses are known for their intelligence and complex behaviors.
  • Debris throwing is a documented behavior in some social mammals, often linked to social interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and analyze the phenomenon of debris throwing in wild octopuses.
  • To explore potential parallels between octopus debris throwing and similar behaviors in social mammals.
  • To investigate the role of cognition in this observed behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Field observations of wild octopus populations.
  • Video recording and analysis of observed behaviors.
  • Comparative analysis with documented behaviors in social mammals.

Main Results:

  • First documented evidence of debris throwing in wild octopuses.
  • Observed instances of octopuses targeting conspecifics (other octopuses) with thrown debris.
  • Identification of potential similarities with debris-related behaviors in certain social mammals.

Conclusions:

  • Debris throwing is a novel behavior observed in wild octopuses.
  • This behavior may indicate complex social interactions or cognitive processes in octopuses.
  • Further research is needed to understand the function and cognitive underpinnings of octopus debris throwing.