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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Establishment of a Clonal Culture of Unicellular Conjugating Algae
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Host-Shift Speciation Proceeded with Gene Flow in Algae Covering Shells.

Osamu Kagawa, Shun K Hirota, Takumi Saito

    The American Naturalist
    |November 14, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Algae speciation occurred on different snail hosts, revealing gradual evolution through host shifts. This study shows limited gene flow during early speciation, offering insights into symbiont evolution.

    Keywords:
    epibiotic algaehost jumpinghost-associated speciationmarine gastropodspeciation with gene flowsymbiosis

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Symbiosis Research
    • Marine Ecology

    Background:

    • Host shifts in symbionts can drive speciation, but mechanisms remain unclear.
    • The alga *Pseudocladophora conchopheria* was previously thought to be specific to *Lunella correensis* snails.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate host-associated speciation in *Pseudocladophora conchopheria* algae.
    • To determine if the alga exhibits genetic differentiation across multiple sympatric snail hosts.

    Main Methods:

    • Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis (MIG-seq) was employed.
    • Genetic diversity and gene flow were assessed among algal populations from different snail hosts.

    Main Results:

    • Limited or no gene flow was observed between algal populations from different snail hosts.
    • Genetic differentiation was detected among algae associated with distinct snail species.
    • Demographic estimates indicated speciation occurring with ongoing gene flow.

    Conclusions:

    • Host-shift speciation in *Pseudocladophora conchopheria* appears to be a gradual process involving gene flow.
    • This study provides evidence for early-stage host-shift speciation in symbiotic algae.