Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

353
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
353
Language Development01:22

Language Development

375
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
375
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

884
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
884
Language01:16

Language

232
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
232
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

342
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
342
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Novel Approach to Map the Causal Impact of Brain Stimulation on Semantic Processing With Language Models.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Stimulation success!? Improved response inhibition performance after prefrontal single-site and condition-and-perturb transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same author

Target-Specificity and repeatability in neuro-cardiac-guided TMS for heart-brain coupling.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Executive resources shape the impact of language predictability across the adult lifespan.

eLife·2026
Same author

Brain structural networks underlying language.

Physiological reviews·2025
Same author

Optimizing and assessing multichannel TMS focality.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms
08:36

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Published on: March 21, 2019

7.3K

Causal evidence for a coordinated temporal interplay within the language network.

Joëlle A M Schroën1, Thomas C Gunter1, Ole Numssen2,3

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals bidirectional communication between the posterior superior temporal gyrus/sulcus (pSTG/STS) and posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) during language processing. Findings also suggest the angular gyrus (AG) supports the pSTG/STS.

Keywords:
N400TMS-EEGbrain dynamicslanguage network

More Related Videos

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

16.5K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms
08:36

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Published on: March 21, 2019

7.3K
Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

16.5K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Neurobiological models propose a left-dominant language network involving the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG), posterior superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (pSTG/STS), and angular gyrus (AG) for auditory sentence comprehension.
  • Understanding the precise timing and causal relationships within this network is crucial for advancing language processing theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics and causal relevance of inter-regional interactions within the left-dominant language network.
  • To determine the directionality of information flow between key brain regions during auditory sentence comprehension.

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) were employed to probe causal interactions.
  • A condition-and-perturb approach was utilized to assess state-dependent influences between brain regions.

Main Results:

  • TMS-EEG experiments provided region- and time-specific causal evidence for bidirectional information flow between the left pSTG/STS and left pIFG during auditory sentence processing.
  • The left pSTG/STS demonstrated state-dependent support from the left AG.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a model of auditory sentence comprehension characterized by dynamic, bidirectional communication within a left-hemisphere language network.
  • This study elucidates the causal roles and temporal interplay of the pSTG/STS, pIFG, and AG in language processing.