Why Don't Employees Participate in Well-being Programs? A Research-Informed Systems-Based Model
Bruce W Sherman1, Emily Stiehl, Caroline Wator
1From the University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC (B.W.S.); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (B.W.S.); and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL (E.S., C.W., P.L.P.).
Employee nonparticipation in well-being programs is common, especially among low-wage and minority workers. Understanding employer and employee factors driving this can improve engagement strategies.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Health Services Research
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Employee nonparticipation in well-being programs is a prevalent issue.
- Understanding the root causes of nonparticipation is crucial for enhancing program effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a systems-based framework to characterize reasons for employee nonparticipation in well-being programs.
- To inform strategies aimed at improving employee engagement with health and wellness initiatives.
Main Methods:
- A literature review was conducted.
- A systems-based model was developed, building on existing research to identify participation barriers.
Main Results:
- Nonparticipation is higher among low-wage workers and minority subpopulations.
- Key contributors include employer factors (e.g., inequitable benefits design) and employee factors (e.g., perceived relevance, access barriers, health prioritization).
Conclusions:
- A systems-based approach is valuable for identifying factors influencing nonparticipation.
- This approach can guide policy and practice changes to boost employee engagement in well-being programs.
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