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Complications Have Not Improved With Newer Generation Robots.

Daniel Farivar1, Terrence T Kim1, Christopher A Sy2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

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|November 15, 2023
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Newer robots in spine surgery did not reduce complications. Reference frame errors caused half of robot-related issues, highlighting an area for improvement in robotic-assisted procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Robotics in Medicine

Background:

  • Robotic-assisted spine surgery is increasingly utilized.
  • Advancements in robotic technology aim to enhance patient safety and surgical outcomes.
  • Evaluating the impact of newer generation robots on complication rates is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if newer generation robots improve safety and clinical outcomes in spine surgery.
  • To identify the incidence and types of robot-related complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing patients who underwent robotic-assisted spine surgery (Mazor X Stealth Edition) between 2019-2022.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, surgical details, and robot-related complications.
  • 14 surgeons performed procedures on 264 consecutive patients.

Main Results:

  • Robot-related complications occurred in 2.2% of patients (6/264).
  • Complications included nerve root injuries, permanent motor deficits, and durotomy, with 1.5% requiring reoperation for misplaced screws.
  • Half of the robot-related complications (3/6) were attributed to reference frame errors.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advancements in robotic technology, robot-related complication rates in spine surgery have not decreased.
  • Reference frame errors represent a significant, modifiable source of complications.
  • Improving reference frame accuracy is essential for enhancing the safety of robotic-assisted spine surgery.