Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

354
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
354
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

47.4K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
47.4K
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

939
A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
939
Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls01:20

Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls

90
Typically, a cavity wall consists of two wythes separated by a gap of at least 2 inches, which may contain insulation while still maintaining a minimum clear space of 1 inch to facilitate adequate drainage. Advanced methods like the insertion of a continuous drainage mat can further reduce this space while ensuring effective moisture expulsion.
Weep holes, strategically placed at the base of the cavity, are critical for draining accumulated water. These openings are created by leaving head...
90
Masonry Cavity Walls01:26

Masonry Cavity Walls

1.0K
Cavity walls feature a hollow space between the outer and inner wythes, connected only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. When water seeps through the outer wythe, it descends within this cavity, intercepted by flashing and eventually exiting through weep holes. To enhance moisture resistance, the inner wythe's cavity side often receives damp-proofing, doubling as an air barrier. The cavity can also house insulation to mitigate heat transfer.
Maintaining a clean cavity during construction...
1.0K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

58.5K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
58.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrating Charge Equilibration with Equivariant Machine-Learning Interatomic Potentials.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Erasing dielectric breakdown artifacts to machine-learn charged Pt-water interfaces.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Kinetic restructuring of catalyst active sites: a MACE-APE study of fluxional Pd<sub><i>n</i></sub>/MgO (<i>n</i> = 3-11) clusters.

Faraday discussions·2026
Same author

DSKO: Dancing through DFTB Parametrization.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Simulating quadrupolar NMR dynamics in solid electrolyte Li10GeP2S12.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Interplay between shape and composition in bimetallic nanoparticles revealed by an efficient optimal-exchange optimization algorithm.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

7.5K

Cavity formation at metal-water interfaces.

Thorben Eggert1,2, Nicolas G Hörmann1, Karsten Reuter1

  • 1Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cavity formation energy at metal-water interfaces is influenced by competitive solvent adsorption. A geometric Gibbs model explains this substrate dependence, improving solvation models for electrocatalyst design.

More Related Videos

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

12.8K
A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction
09:20

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

Published on: January 26, 2016

15.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

7.5K
Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

12.8K
A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction
09:20

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

Published on: January 26, 2016

15.4K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cavity formation free energy is crucial for understanding solvation.
  • Existing bulk solvation models do not fully capture interfacial effects.
  • Accurate solvation models are needed for designing improved electrocatalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically study cavity formation at metal-water interfaces.
  • To develop a model rationalizing interfacial cavitation energies.
  • To improve implicit solvation models for interfacial phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Classical molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Multistate Bennett acceptance ratio free energy calculations.
  • Development and application of a geometric Gibbs model.

Main Results:

  • Cavitation energies at metal-water interfaces show size- and position-dependence.
  • A geometric Gibbs model successfully rationalizes these energies.
  • Competitive adsorption of solvent significantly impacts interfacial cavitation energy.
  • The Gibbs model quantitatively reproduces substrate dependence via water adsorption energy.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial cavitation energy is substrate-dependent due to competitive adsorption.
  • The geometric Gibbs model provides a framework for understanding this dependence.
  • This work enables more accurate interface-aware solvation models for electrocatalyst development.