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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Slow-wave-enhanced on-chip Michelson interferometer sensor.

Jianhao Shen, Daniel Donnelly, Swapnajit Chakravarty

    Optics Letters
    |November 15, 2023
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    Summary

    New asymmetric Michelson interferometer (MI) sensors utilize slow light technology to significantly boost phase sensitivity. This advancement offers enhanced performance for interferometric sensing applications compared to traditional Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI).

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Interferometry
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Interferometer sensors are crucial for precise measurements.
    • Enhancing phase sensitivity is key for improved sensor performance.
    • Slow light phenomena offer potential for optical sensing advancements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate enhanced phase and spectral sensitivity in asymmetric Michelson interferometer (MI) sensors.
    • To investigate the impact of slow light and reflected path enhancement on sensor sensitivity.
    • To compare the performance of MI sensors with photonic crystal waveguides to traditional Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI).

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of on-chip slow light Michelson interferometer sensors using photonic crystal waveguides.
    • Experimental measurement of phase sensitivity in asymmetric MI sensors.
    • Comparison of experimental results with theoretical calculations and MZI performance.

    Main Results:

    • Experimentally demonstrated phase sensitivity of 277,750 rad/RIU-cm in MI sensors.
    • Achieved theoretical phase sensitivity as high as 461,810 rad/RIU-cm.
    • Observed a significant enhancement in phase sensitivity compared to MZIs (84,000 rad/RIU-cm).
    • Maintained the same form factor as MZIs with identical interferometer arm lengths.

    Conclusions:

    • Slow-wave enhancement in asymmetric MI sensors significantly boosts phase and spectral sensitivity.
    • On-chip photonic crystal waveguides enable substantial improvements in interferometric sensing.
    • MI sensors with slow light offer superior performance for refractive index sensing applications.