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Classifying Schizophrenia Cases by Artificial Neural Network Using Japanese Web-Based Survey Data: Case-Control

Yupeng He1, Masaaki Matsunaga1, Yuanying Li2

  • 1Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.

JMIR Formative Research
|November 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to accurately classify schizophrenia cases using Japanese web survey data. The ANN model demonstrated high performance, aiding in precise prevalence estimation for schizophrenia.

Keywords:
Japanartificial neural networkepidemiologymachine learningmental healthprevalencepsychosisschizophreniaweb-based survey

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Machine Learning
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Estimating schizophrenia prevalence in Japan is challenging.
  • Schizophrenia patients often experience comorbidities and poor well-being.
  • Machine learning (ML) offers high-precision modeling for epidemiological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct an artificial neural network (ANN) model for accurate schizophrenia case classification.
  • To validate the generalizability of the ANN model using Japanese web survey data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large Japanese web-based survey dataset (2021) with 223 schizophrenia cases and 1776 controls.
  • Employed an ANN for classification, with logistic regression (LR) as a reference.
  • Compared model performance using metrics like area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, and specificity.

Main Results:

  • The ANN model outperformed LR in area under the curve (0.86 vs. 0.78) and specificity (0.96 vs. 0.94).
  • LR showed higher sensitivity (0.63 vs. 0.56).
  • Key predictive variables included sleep medication use, age, income, and employment type.

Conclusions:

  • An ANN model was successfully developed for classifying schizophrenia cases from web survey data.
  • The model demonstrated high internal validity.
  • Findings support improved prevalence estimation and future epidemiological research on schizophrenia in Japan.