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Adverse Risks Associated With Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Systematic Review
Joel J Heidelbaugh1, Kathleen L Goldberg2, John M Inadomi3
1Dr. Heidelbaugh serves as Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|November 15, 2023
Summary
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for upper gastrointestinal issues. This review highlights potential risks of PPI therapy, including infections, fractures, and nutrient deficiencies, recommending cautious use.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed for upper gastrointestinal disorders.
- They represent a significant portion of both prescription and over-the-counter drug sales.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature for rigorous studies linking PPI therapy to adverse events.
- To evaluate the potential risks associated with both short-term and long-term PPI use.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was performed using the MEDLINE database.
- The review focused on identifying high-quality studies examining PPI-associated adverse events.
Main Results:
- Emerging evidence links PPI therapy to increased risks of *Clostridium difficile*-associated diarrhea.
- Potential risks include community-acquired pneumonia, osteoporotic fractures, and vitamin B12 deficiency.
- PPIs may also inhibit the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapies.
Conclusions:
- Clinicians should regularly reassess the ongoing need for PPI therapy in patients.
- Utilizing the lowest effective PPI dosage is recommended to minimize potential adverse events.
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