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Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
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What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
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Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

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Dementia prevention: the Mendelian randomisation perspective.

Emma Louise Anderson1, Neil M Davies2,3, Roxanna Korologou-Linden4

  • 1Mental Health of Older People, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK emma.anderson@ucl.ac.uk.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|November 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mendelian randomization offers a novel approach to identify Alzheimer's disease prevention strategies. This method helps overcome limitations in observational studies and clinical trials for understanding dementia risk factors.

Keywords:
DEMENTIAEPIDEMIOLOGYGENETICS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias is challenging.
  • Observational studies face confounding, reverse causation, and selection biases.
  • Randomized controlled trials for dementia prevention are often impractical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Mendelian randomization (MR) as an alternative causal inference method for AD.
  • Examine factors that may prevent or delay Alzheimer's disease.
  • Address unexpected findings from MR studies on dementia risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilize Mendelian randomization, a genetic epidemiology approach.
  • Analyze genetic variants as instrumental variables for risk factors.
  • Review and propose strategies to enhance causal inference in MR studies for dementia.

Main Results:

  • Mendelian randomization has yielded unexpected findings in dementia research.
  • Five potential explanations for these unexpected findings are considered.
  • Recommendations are provided to improve the application of MR in this field.

Conclusions:

  • Mendelian randomization can offer valuable insights into dementia risk factors.
  • Addressing methodological challenges is crucial for robust causal inference.
  • Enhanced strategies will improve understanding of factors influencing dementia risk.