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Updated: Jul 11, 2025
A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens
Published on: June 7, 2017
Synthesising the evidence for effective hand hygiene in community settings: an integrated protocol for multiple
Bethany A Caruso1, Jedidiah S Snyder2, Oliver Cumming3,4
1Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA bcaruso@emory.edu.
Introduction:
Despite evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of hand hygiene in reducing the transmission of infectious diseases, there are gaps in global normative guidance around hand hygiene in community settings. The goal of this review is to systematically retrieve and synthesise available evidence on hand hygiene in community settings across four areas: (1) effective hand hygiene; (2) minimum requirements; (3) behaviour change and (4) government measures.
Methods And Analysis:
This protocol entails a two-phased approach to identify relevant studies for multiple related systematic reviews. Phase 1 involves a broad search to capture all studies on hand hygiene in community settings. Databases, trial registries, expert consultations and hand searches of reference lists will be used to ensure an exhaustive search. A comprehensive, electronic search strategy will be used to identify studies indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health, Cochrane Library, Global Index Medicus, Scopus, PAIS Index, WHO IRIS, UN Digital Library and World Bank eLibrary published in English from January 1980 to March 2023. The outcome of phase 1 will be a reduced sample of studies from which further screening, specific to research questions across the four key areas can be performed. Two reviewers will independently assess each study for inclusion and disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. Quantitative and qualitative data will be extracted following best practices. We will assess all studies using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. All effect measures pertaining to review outcomes will be reported and a narrative synthesis of all studies will be presented including 'data-driven' descriptive themes and 'theory-driven' analytical themes as applicable.
Ethics And Dissemination:
This systematic review is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents. The findings of the reviews will be disseminated in related peer-reviewed journals.
Prospero Registration Number:
CRD42023429145.
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