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Challenges and Controversies in Peer Review: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Fred M Kusumoto1, John A Bittl2, Mark A Creager3

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|November 15, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The medical peer-review system faces challenges from increased research and new communication methods. Maintaining rigorous peer review is vital for scientific integrity and patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Scientific Publishing
  • Academic Integrity

Background:

  • The traditional peer-review process for medical research is under strain.
  • Factors like the COVID-19 pandemic, increased publication volume, and evolving communication methods challenge the system.
  • A task force by the American College of Cardiology highlighted key controversies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and discuss significant controversies within the current medical peer-review process.
  • To emphasize the continued importance of peer review for scientific integrity and patient care.

Main Methods:

  • A task force convened by the American College of Cardiology.
  • Identification and analysis of five major controversies in peer review.

Main Results:

  • Key controversies include the impact of preprints, reviewer blinding, reviewer selection, incentives, and the publication of reviewer comments.
  • These issues place significant pressure on the existing peer-review infrastructure.

Conclusions:

  • Peer review remains essential for ensuring the integrity of medical science.
  • High-quality peer review is crucial for timely information dissemination and improving patient outcomes.
  • Adapting peer review to new challenges is necessary to uphold its critical role.

Keywords:
peer reviewpreprintsscientific communication

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