Partners in diabetes epidemic: A global perspective

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Disorders
• Microbiology

Background:

• Global rise in obesity and diabetes necessitates understanding complex disease mechanisms.
• Diabetes involves intricate physiological dysfunctions including insulin resistance, genetic predispositions, and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review major determinants of diabetes, focusing on insulin signaling, genetics, environment, lipid metabolism, and mitochondria.
• To explore the role and mechanisms of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search across major databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane).
• Inclusion of 144 full-length articles encompassing laboratory experiments, epidemiological data, clinical trials, and meta-analyses.
• Assessment of diverse evidence including experimental models and review articles.

Main Results:

• Identified insulin signaling, genetics, environment, obesity, lipid metabolism, and mitochondria as critical factors in diabetes.
• Highlighted emerging evidence implicating gut microbiome as a significant regulator in diabetes development.
• Discussed challenges and the need for further research in diabetes etiology.

Conclusions:

• Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder influenced by multiple interconnected factors.
• The gut microbiome presents a promising area for future therapeutic strategies in diabetes.
• Emphasized the need for collaborative research between academia and industry for accelerated progress in diabetes control.