Validity of Pediatric Early Warning Score in Predicting Unplanned Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Readmission

Despite the fact that unscheduled readmission to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) has significant adverse consequences, there is a need for a predictive tool appropriate for use in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the modified Brighton pediatric early warning score (PEWS) to identify children at high risk for early unplanned readmission. In this retrospective cohort study, all patients aged 1 month to 18 years of age discharged from PICUs of two tertiary children's hospitals during the study interval were enrolled. Apart from demographic data, the association between PEWS and early readmission, defined as readmission within 48 hours of discharge, was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. From 416 patients, 27 patients had early PICU readmission. Patients who experienced readmission were significantly younger than the controls. (≤12 months, 70.4 vs. 39.1%, p  = 0.001) Patients who were admitted from the emergency room (66.7 and 33.3% for emergency department (ED) and floor, respectively, p  = 0.012) had higher risk of early unplanned readmission. PEWS at discharge was significantly higher in patients who experienced readmission (3.07 vs. 0.8, p  < 0.001). A cut-off PEWS of 2, with sensitivity 85.2% and specificity 78.1%, determined the risk of unplanned readmission. Each 1-point increase in the PEWS at discharge significantly increases the risk of readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 3.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.42-5.31], p  < 0.001). PEWS can be utilized as a useful predictive tool regarding predicting unscheduled readmission in PICU. Further large-scale studies are needed to determine its benefits in clinical practice.