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Geocoding processes in cohort studies: methods applied in the EpiFloripa Aging.

Catharina Cavasin Salvador1,2, Adalberto Aparecido Dos Santos Lopes3,4, Danilo Resendes2

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Georeferencing in the EpiFloripa Aging study successfully spatialized older adult addresses with minimal sample loss. Using street network buffers improved spatial epidemiological analysis by better representing environmental factors and health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study monitors health and living conditions of older adults (≥ 60) in Florianópolis.
  • Georeferencing is crucial for spatial analysis in epidemiological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the georeferencing process for the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study (2009-2019).
  • To evaluate the epidemiological implications of georeferencing, including sample loss and neighborhood definition methods.

Main Methods:

  • Residential addresses were spatialized using an automatic geocoding tool.
  • The impact of georeferencing on sample loss and 19 variables was assessed across three study waves.
  • Seven variables were analyzed using different neighborhood definitions (census tracts, Euclidean buffers, street network buffers).
  • Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to compare neighborhood definitions.

Main Results:

  • Geocoding resulted in a 6% sample loss (n=240), with no statistically significant difference from the total sample.
  • Geocoding may have slightly overrepresented participants with better socioeconomic status.
  • Measures from different neighborhood definitions showed low correspondence (r=0.37-0.54).
  • Buffers and census tracts differed significantly in describing geospatial attributes, indicating limitations of census tracts.

Conclusions:

  • Despite address inconsistencies, robust correction mechanisms ensured a high geocoding success rate.
  • Street network buffers, favored by geocoding, offer potential for spatial epidemiology.
  • Buffers enhance the representation of environmental attributes and understanding of health outcomes in older populations.