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Updated: Jul 11, 2025
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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
Published on: June 3, 2016
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Neurodevelopmental Programming of Adiposity: Contributions to Obesity Risk
Alicja A Skowronski1,2, Rudolph L Leibel1,2, Charles A LeDuc1,2
1Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Endocrine Reviews
|November 16, 2023
Summary
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy significantly impacts offspring
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Neuroendocrinology
- Obesity research
Background:
- Maternal nutrition influences offspring's long-term adiposity via the central nervous system (CNS).
- Perinatal underfeeding and overfeeding impact offspring's feeding circuits and body weight regulation.
- The perinatal environment is crucial for programming offspring adiposity.
Approach:
- Reviews published evidence on maternal factors affecting offspring adiposity.
- Explores physiological outcomes of perinatal nutritional exposures.
- Investigates mechanisms including metabolic hormones and epigenetic changes.
Key Points:
- Maternal hyperglycemia leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia, increasing adiposity and leptin.
- Leptin and insulin are critical for programming adiposity during early development.
- Epigenetic modifications may transmit developmental programming across generations.
Conclusions:
- Nutritional and metabolic signals during perinatal development have lifelong impacts on offspring body weight.
- The hormonal and metabolic milieu affects hypothalamic maturation during sensitive developmental windows.
- Early life hormonal balance is critical for preventing long-term adiposity.
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