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Related Experiment Video

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Gut microbes modulate (p)ppGpp during a time-restricted feeding regimen.

Amy Ontai-Brenning1,2, Randy Hamchand3,4, Jason M Crawford2,3,4

  • 1Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Mbio
|November 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian gut microbes use (p)ppGpp signaling to maintain stability during fasting periods. Disrupting this response impairs microbial colonization, impacting host health and microbiome interactions.

Keywords:
(p)ppGppBacteroidesfastinggut microbiotastringent response

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Host-Microbiome Interactions
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Mammalian feeding patterns create a fluctuating gut environment.
  • This dynamic environment impacts host-microbiome interactions, immunity, and health.
  • Gut microbes must adapt to these feeding-fasting cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microbial adaptive responses to time-restricted feeding.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms enabling gut microbes to withstand fasting periods.
  • To understand the role of microbial signaling in maintaining gut microbiome stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models with time-restricted feeding regimens.
  • Measured intracellular signaling molecule levels ((p)ppGpp) in gut microbes.
  • Genetically modified a human gut commensal to disable the (p)ppGpp response.
  • Assessed microbial colonization during host fasting phases.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbes elevate (p)ppGpp levels during the fasting phase of time-restricted feeding.
  • Disabling the (p)ppGpp response significantly reduced microbial colonization in the fasting host.
  • This microbial response is conserved across species and within mammalian gut communities.

Conclusions:

  • The (p)ppGpp signaling pathway is crucial for gut microbiome stability during host fasting.
  • This mechanism allows healthy gut microbiomes to adapt to fluctuating feeding environments.
  • Targeting this pathway may offer insights into modulating host-microbiome interactions and health.