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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biological Physics

Background:

  • Topological defects are crucial in biological systems, typically studied in homogeneous active nematics.
  • Phase-separated systems form nematic bands but usually lack defects, creating a gap in understanding defect formation in such environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate defect formation in phase-separated active nematics.
  • To characterize the nature and behavior of these novel defects and associated structures.
  • To develop a theoretical framework explaining defect emergence.

Main Methods:

  • Agent-based simulations of self-propelled polymers.
  • Analysis of defect morphology, density, and dynamics.
  • Development and application of a hydrodynamic theory.

Main Results:

  • Phase-separated active nematics form -1/2 topological defects, a novel second-order collective state.
  • Defect cores show increased density and condensed nematic fluxes, differing from homogeneous systems.
  • Lateral arc-like structures were observed, and defect/arc emergence linked to anisotropic active fluxes.

Conclusions:

  • Contrary to existing paradigms, phase-separated active nematics can host topological defects.
  • Defect and arc formation are governed by particle density and persistence length, explained by hydrodynamic theory.
  • Potential for artificial defect engineering and experimental validation exists.