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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Stimulants01:29

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
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Overamped: Stimulant Use and HIV Pathogenesis.

Emily J Ross1, Renessa S Williams2, Michael Viamonte1

  • 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|November 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Stimulant use in people with HIV is linked to higher viral load, even with treatment as prevention (TasP). Further research is needed to understand immune changes and social factors impacting HIV management.

Keywords:
AdherenceCocaineHIVImmune activationInflammationMethamphetamine

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The era of HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) has improved viral suppression rates.
  • Clarity is needed on how stimulant use affects HIV viral load and immune function in people with HIV (PWH).

Conclusions:

  • Stimulant use presents a significant barrier to optimizing TasP effectiveness.
  • Understanding the microbiome-gut-brain axis in stimulant use is crucial for developing pharmacotherapies.
  • Multi-level interventions addressing social determinants are critical for comprehensive care.