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Heterosis in crop improvement.

Jefferson Paril^1,2, Jochen Reif³, Alexandre Fournier-Level¹

¹Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology

|November 16, 2023

Summary

Hybrid vigor, or heterosis, enhances crop traits, but breeding is difficult in self-pollinating crops. A new strategy uses genetic engineering to combine multiple heterotic genes for improved crop performance.

Keywords:

barley hybrid breeding hybrid vigor supergene wheat

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Area of Science:

Plant genetics and breeding
Agricultural science

Background:

Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, describes progeny with superior traits over parents, crucial for crop yield.
Developing high-yielding F1 hybrids is vital for global food security, yet challenging in self-pollinating crops like wheat and barley.
Current hybrid breeding in these crops is hindered by high seed production costs and insufficient yield advantage over inbred lines.

Approach:

Reviewing the genetic underpinnings of heterosis and existing breeding challenges.
Proposing a novel strategy to synthesize 'supergenes' by combining multiple heterosis-associated genes using genetic engineering.
Outlining a feasibility study using barley (Hordeum vulgare) as a model to enhance agronomic traits.

Key Points:

Conventional hybrid breeding faces commercialization hurdles in self-pollinating crops.
A proposed strategy involves creating synthetic supergenes by fusing heterotic alleles.
This approach aims to overcome limitations by leveraging advanced genetic engineering tools.

Conclusions:

The proposed gene pyramiding strategy offers a potential solution to enhance hybrid performance in self-pollinating crops.
This method could significantly improve crop yields and address future food demands.
The approach is adaptable to various crops where heterotic gene combinations can be identified.