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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Progress Toward Measles Elimination - Worldwide, 2000-2022.

Anna A Minta, Matt Ferrari, Sebastien Antoni

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    Measles vaccination coverage declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased cases and deaths. Renewed efforts to vaccinate children and strengthen surveillance are crucial for measles elimination.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Immunization

    Background:

    • Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease.
    • Global measles elimination efforts require high population immunity.
    • Progress towards measles elimination has been hampered by recent setbacks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe measles elimination progress from 2000-2022.
    • To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on measles vaccination coverage and outbreaks.
    • To highlight the need for renewed vaccination and surveillance efforts.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of global measles vaccination coverage data (MCV1).
    • Assessment of measles surveillance indicator achievement.
    • Review of estimated measles cases and deaths.

    Main Results:

    • First-dose MCV coverage declined from 86% in 2019 to 81% in 2021, recovering slightly to 83% in 2022.
    • Only 72 of 144 countries met surveillance targets in 2022.
    • Estimated measles cases increased 18% and deaths 43% during 2021-2022.
    • Despite setbacks, 57 million deaths were averted by vaccination during 2000-2022.

    Conclusions:

    • COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions caused significant setbacks in measles control.
    • Suboptimal immunization coverage has left millions of children vulnerable.
    • Urgent action is needed to reverse coverage declines and strengthen surveillance to achieve measles elimination.