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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
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Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

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Mycetoma and the environment.

Ahmed Hassan Fahal1, Sahar Mubarak Bakhiet1

  • 1The Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|November 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mycetoma, a neglected tropical disease, is linked to environmental factors like soil and animal dung. Improving environmental conditions and hygiene is crucial for prevention and control.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Mycetoma is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory disease with unclear epidemiological characteristics, hindering control programs.
  • Lack of research interest and accurate molecular diagnostics contribute to the neglect of mycetoma.
  • Causative agents' ecological niche, habitat, and transmission remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the knowledge gap regarding mycetoma's environmental occurrence predictors.
  • To investigate the association between mycetoma and its environment.
  • To identify risk factors and contributing elements for mycetoma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of medical data.
  • Analysis of environmental factors associated with mycetoma occurrence.

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  • Consideration of socioeconomic, hygiene, and health education status in endemic areas.
  • Main Results:

    • A strong association exists between mycetoma occurrence and environmental factors.
    • Causative microorganisms are found in the environment, potentially in animal dung, with thorns facilitating inoculation.
    • Soil type, temperature, aridity, thorny trees, socioeconomic status, and hygiene are identified as risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental conditions and personal hygiene improvements are essential for mycetoma prevention.
    • Spatial mapping can aid in detecting disease clusters and developing public health strategies.
    • Further research is needed to understand pathogenesis and improve patient management.