Quantifying the impact of lockdown measures on air pollution levels: A comparative study of Bhopal and Adelaide

This research study presents an in-depth comparison of air quality in Bhopal, India, and Adelaide, Australia, focusing on the impact of COVID-19 restrictions. Utilizing air quality data from 2019 to 2022, the research analyzed the concentrations of pollutants like PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and O₃, during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods. The findings demonstrate a significant reduction in PM_2.5and PM₁₀ levels during lockdown in cities such as Delhi and Haryana in India, and various Chinese cities, while also highlighting complex sources of air pollution like bushfires in regions like Sydney, Australia. In contrast, the study revealed nuanced trends in Bhopal and Adelaide, influenced by local geographical, climatic, and anthropogenic factors. Bhopal exhibited a notable decrease in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5levels, but inconsistent patterns in NO₂ and CO, while Adelaide experienced marginal changes. The study emphasizes the temporary effectiveness of lockdowns and underscores the need for region-specific, sustainable air quality management strategies. Future implications include considerations for regional specificities, broader atmospheric chemistry, and international collaboration. The research provides valuable insights for urban air quality policy formulation, stressing a data-driven, long-term approach.